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public:it:semeconductor [2023/02/23 15:14] – [半导体行业组成:] oakfire | public:it:semeconductor [2023/02/23 16:33] (当前版本) – [半导体行业组成:] oakfire | ||
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==== 半导体行业组成: ==== | ==== 半导体行业组成: ==== | ||
* Chip Intellectual Property (IP) Cores | * Chip Intellectual Property (IP) Cores | ||
- | * {{: | + | * {{ : |
* Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tools | * Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tools | ||
* 该行业由三个美国供应商主导--Cadence、Mentor(现在是西门子的一部分)和Synopsys | * 该行业由三个美国供应商主导--Cadence、Mentor(现在是西门子的一部分)和Synopsys | ||
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* [[https:// | * [[https:// | ||
* Fabs are short for fabrication plants – the factory that makes chips | * Fabs are short for fabrication plants – the factory that makes chips | ||
- | * Chips are probably the most complicated products ever manufactured. | + | * Chips are probably the most complicated products ever manufactured. |
* Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) | * Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) | ||
+ | ==== Fabs issue ==== | ||
+ | * 建造晶圆厂的成本飙升——现在一个芯片工厂的成本超过 100 亿美元。原因之一是制造芯片所需的设备成本飙升 | ||
+ | * 荷兰ASML公司的一台先进光刻机就耗资1.5亿美元 | ||
+ | * There are ~500+ machines in a fab (not all as expensive as ASML) | ||
+ | * 晶圆厂建筑非常复杂。制造芯片的洁净室只是一组复杂管道的冰山一角,这些管道在正确的时间和温度下将气体、电力、液体全部输送到晶圆厂设备中 | ||
+ | * 保持领先的成本高达数十亿美元,这意味着大多数公司已经退出了。2001年,有17家公司在生产最先进的芯片,今天只有两家:三星和台积电。{{ : |